TECH
The Powerful Impact of Converged Network Adapter Definition

Converged network adapter definition But what does it really mean? Why are so many IT pros and businesses making the switch to converged network adapters in 2025? And how does this technology fit into the bigger picture of convergence in networking?
Let’s break it all down in plain English—no jargon, no fluff. By the end of this guide, you’ll know exactly what a converged network adapter is, why it matters, and how it’s changing the way we connect, store, and move data.
What Is a Network Adapter? (The Basics)
Before we dive into the converged network adapter definition, let’s start with the basics: what is a network adapter?
A network adapter is a hardware component—often a card or chip—that allows a computer or server to connect to a network. Think of it as the translator between your device and the rest of the digital world. Whether you’re using Wi-Fi at home or a high-speed Ethernet connection at work, there’s a network adapter making it all possible.
In the past, you’d find different adapters for different jobs: Ethernet adapters for data, Fibre Channel adapters for storage, and so on. But as networks have evolved, so have the tools we use to connect to them.
What Is a Converged Network Adapter? (CNA Explained)
So, what is converged network adapter technology, and why is it such a big deal in 2025?
A converged network adapter (CNA) is a single piece of hardware that combines the functions of multiple traditional adapters. Most commonly, a CNA merges Ethernet networking (for data) and Fibre Channel (for storage) into one device. This means you can use the same physical connection for both your network traffic and your storage traffic—no more juggling multiple cards, cables, or ports.
Converged network adapter definition:
A converged network adapter is a hardware device that enables both data networking and storage networking over a unified connection, typically using protocols like Ethernet and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE).

Why Convergence in Networking Matters
The idea of convergence in networking is all about efficiency. Instead of running separate networks for different types of traffic (like data, storage, and management), convergence brings them together. This reduces complexity, saves space, and cuts costs—three things every IT department loves.
In 2025, with the explosion of cloud computing, virtualization, and high-speed data demands, convergence isn’t just a trend—it’s a necessity.
Gigabit Network Adapter vs. Converged Network Adapter
You might be wondering: “What’s the difference between a gigabit network adapter and a converged network adapter?”
- Gigabit network adapter: Handles data traffic at speeds up to 1 Gbps (or higher, with 10/25/40/100 Gbps models). It’s great for fast data transfer, but it’s focused on one job: moving data packets.
- Converged network adapter: Handles both data and storage traffic, often at gigabit or multi-gigabit speeds. It’s like having a gigabit adapter and a storage adapter in one.
In short, a CNA is a gigabit (or faster) adapter with superpowers—it can do more, with less hardware.
Real-World Example: CNA in Action
A mid-sized company was struggling with server sprawl and cable chaos in their data center. Their IT manager tweeted, “We cut our cabling in half and boosted performance just by switching to converged network adapters. Wish we’d done it sooner!”
By replacing multiple network and storage adapters with CNAs, they simplified their setup, reduced power consumption, and made troubleshooting a breeze.
How Does a Converged Network Adapter Work?
A CNA plugs into a server’s PCIe slot, just like a traditional network card. But under the hood, it’s running multiple protocols—usually Ethernet for data and FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) for storage. This allows both types of traffic to share the same physical connection, while keeping them logically separate.
Modern CNAs are smart enough to prioritize traffic, manage bandwidth, and even offload certain tasks from the server’s CPU, boosting overall performance.
Key Features of Converged Network Adapters in 2025
- Multi-protocol support: Ethernet, FCoE, iSCSI, and more.
- High-speed connectivity: 10/25/40/100 Gbps and beyond.
- Virtualization-ready: Optimized for virtual machines and cloud workloads.
- Advanced security: Built-in encryption and traffic isolation.
- Energy efficiency: Lower power consumption compared to multiple adapters.
- Remote management: Easy configuration and monitoring from anywhere.
Pros and Cons of Converged Network Adapters
Pros
- Simplified infrastructure: Fewer cards, cables, and ports.
- Lower costs: Save on hardware, power, and cooling.
- Easier management: One device to configure and monitor.
- Future-proof: Ready for next-gen data center demands.
Cons
- Upfront investment: CNAs can be pricier than basic adapters.
- Compatibility: Not all legacy systems support convergence.
- Learning curve: IT staff may need training on new protocols.
Risks and Considerations
While CNAs offer big benefits, there are some risks to keep in mind:
- Single point of failure: If a CNA goes down, both data and storage traffic are affected.
- Vendor lock-in: Some CNAs work best with specific brands or ecosystems.
- Firmware updates: Keeping CNAs updated is crucial for security and performance.
Pro tip: Always test new CNAs in a lab environment before rolling them out across your network.
How to Choose the Right Converged Network Adapter
When shopping for a CNA, consider:
- Speed: Match your network’s bandwidth needs (10/25/40/100 Gbps).
- Protocol support: Make sure it handles the traffic types you need (Ethernet, FCoE, iSCSI).
- Compatibility: Check with your server and switch vendors.
- Management tools: Look for easy-to-use software and remote monitoring.
- Support and warranty: Choose reputable brands with solid support.
Setting Up a CNA: Step-by-Step
- Install the CNA: Insert it into a compatible PCIe slot.
- Connect to the network: Use high-quality cables for best performance.
- Install drivers: Download the latest drivers from the manufacturer.
- Configure protocols: Set up Ethernet, FCoE, or other protocols as needed.
- Test connectivity: Verify both data and storage traffic are working.
- Monitor performance: Use built-in tools to track usage and troubleshoot issues.
CNA and Virtualization: A Perfect Match
In 2025, most data centers are heavily virtualized. CNAs are designed with this in mind—they can handle multiple virtual networks, offload tasks from the hypervisor, and ensure smooth performance for all your VMs.
If you’re running VMware, Hyper-V, or KVM, a CNA can make your life much easier.
The Future of Convergence in Networking
As networks get faster and more complex, convergence will only become more important. Expect to see:
- Even higher speeds: 200 Gbps and beyond.
- More protocols: Support for emerging storage and data standards.
- AI-driven management: Smarter, self-optimizing adapters.
- Edge computing: CNAs in remote and IoT environments.
FAQs
A. network adapter is a hardware device that connects a computer or server to a network, allowing it to send and receive data. It translates digital signals into a form that can travel over network cables or wireless connections.
A. converged network adapter combines data and storage networking into a single device, reducing hardware, cabling, and complexity. It’s ideal for modern data centers and virtualized environments.
A. gigabit network adapter handles only data traffic, while a CNA handles both data and storage traffic over the same connection, often at gigabit or higher speeds.
A. Risks include single points of failure, compatibility issues, and the need for regular firmware updates. Always plan for redundancy and test before deployment.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the converged network adapter definition isn’t just for IT pros—it’s for anyone who wants to future-proof their network, cut costs, and boost performance. As convergence in networking continues to reshape data centers and cloud environments, CNAs are at the heart of this transformation.
TECH
Servidor Terminal: The Powerful Solution You Might Be Overlooking

Servidor Terminal (also called a Remote Desktop Services server) is a system that allows multiple users to connect and operate applications or desktops remotely—all running from a central server.
It works through remote desktop protocols (RDP), delivering only the screen, keyboard input, and mouse interactions to and from the user’s device. The actual processing stays on the server.
Here’s a quick visual:
- Users connect from lightweight devices (even basic laptops or thin clients)
- The server handles all the heavy computing
- The experience is like working on a full desktop—just streamed over the network
Understanding Terminal Services: Definition and Function
What’s the real terminal services definition in 2025?
Terminal Services, now officially called Remote Desktop Services (RDS) in Windows Server, is a Windows-based framework that enables multiple users to access applications and full desktops remotely, often simultaneously.
Key capabilities include:
- Hosting applications centrally
- Operating shared desktops for multiple users
- Enhancing remote access security
- Simplifying software management across teams
Although Microsoft renamed “Terminal Services” to “Remote Desktop Services” back in Windows Server 2008 R2, many professionals still use the classic term—terminal services—out of habit.
Windows Terminal Services in 2025: Still Going Strong
Windows Terminal Services has evolved significantly over the years—and the 2025 version is better than ever.
New Features in Windows Server 2025:
- Enhanced GPU acceleration for better video and 3D rendering
- Built-in zero-trust features for authentication
- Seamless Azure AVD integration for hybrid environments
- Improved session management and diagnostics tools
Whether you’re running Windows Terminal Services in a legacy on-prem setup or integrating with Azure Virtual Desktop for hybrid environments, it’s still one of the most pragmatic remote access tools available today.
What Is a Terminal Server vs Desktop Virtualization?
Let’s clear up a common source of confusion. While often lumped together, terminal servers and desktop virtualization (VDI) are different things.
Feature | Terminal Server | VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) |
---|---|---|
Architecture | Shared OS, multiple users | Individual OS per user |
System resources | Shared | Dedicated |
Cost | Lower (less hardware needed) | Higher (per-user resources required) |
Setup complexity | Moderate | High |
App compatibility | High | High |
Terminal servers are ideal for shared-use environments like call centers, public labs, and internal company software users. VDI suits highly isolated or security-compliant setups like finance, legal, or medical use cases.
Real-World Use Case: Terminal Server Saves the Day
Take a mid-sized logistics company with 150 employees. In 2024, they were struggling with outdated PCs, bloated payroll for IT, and an expensive cloud desktop setup with unpredictable monthly charges.

A switch to a terminal server model running on a local Windows Server (with RDS) allowed them to:
- Cut SaaS expenses by 60%
- Centralize software updates
- Reduce hardware failure risks
“We were overcomplicating everything with desktop virtualization. Going back to a terminal server setup made everything smoother for our users and budget,” the IT manager shared in a forum.
When to Use a Terminal Server
Terminal servers aren’t right for every use case. But in scenarios like these, they’re hard to beat:
- Delivering internal apps to dozens of remote or branch office users
- Replacing older desktops with low-cost thin clients
- Centralizing software control for schools or nonprofits
- Supporting secure access for remote workers
They strike the perfect balance between simplicity, affordability, and control—especially when you don’t need the full complexity of virtual desktop infrastructure.
Essential Components of a Terminal Server Setup
If you’re planning to implement a terminal server in 2025, here’s what you’ll need:
- Windows Server OS (2022 or 2025 recommended)
- Remote Desktop Services role
- RDS CALs (Client Access Licenses) — Required per user or per device
- Resource monitoring tools — To track session performance
- Group Policy setups — For access control, redirection, and lockdown environments
- Remote Desktop Gateway — Optional, but useful for external access through HTTPS
Terminal Server vs. Terminal Emulator: Don’t Get Confused
Many newcomers confuse “terminal server” with “terminal emulator.” They’re totally different technologies.
Terminal Server:
- Hosts applications and entire desktops
- Runs Windows (typically)
- Uses active sessions accessed through RDP
Terminal Emulator:
- Software that mimics a command-line interface (e.g., PuTTY, SecureCRT)
- Used to connect to devices, often via SSH or serial
- Mostly for IT and sysadmin tasks
Pros and Cons of Terminal Servers in 2025
Pros:
- Lower total cost of ownership
- Easier maintenance for IT teams
- Centralized updates and security
- Lightweight client hardware is usable
- Scalable with minimal extra hardware
Cons:
- Server becomes a single point of failure
- High usage requires powerful specs
- Licensing isn’t free (must manage RDS CALs)
- Some apps perform poorly in multi-session environments
Still, for many businesses, the saving on costs and licensing beats most of these downsides.
FAQs
A. terminal server is used to host remote desktop sessions or applications for multiple users. It’s a cost-effective way to run centralized software that multiple people need to access from different machines or locations.
A. terminal server can host multiple user sessions at once. Remote Desktop, like RDP, usually connects to a single desktop at a time. Terminal servers are multi-user by design.
A. Yes, but under the new name: Remote Desktop Services (RDS). Microsoft continues to support and improve RDS in Windows Server 2022 and upcoming Windows Server 2025 versions.
A. Absolutely. Thin clients are actually one of the best hardware pairings for terminal servers. They rely almost entirely on server-side computing, needing minimal local resources.
Tips for Optimizing Terminal Server Performance
- Use fast storage (NVMe/SSD): Especially for user profiles and virtual disks.
- Monitor bandwidth: RDP isn’t heavy, but multi-user loads can strain slow networks.
- Implement profile management: Use FSLogix or roaming profiles to keep login times fast.
- Apply GPOs wisely: Disable unnecessary visual effects and apps to save resources.
- Scale up RAM and CPU before adding more users: Avoid the bottlenecks before they start.
Final Thoughts
So, what is a terminal server in today’s landscape?It’s not a relic. It’s not “old tech.” It’s a powerful, reliable, and smart solution for modern businesses that want centralized control without overcommitting to the cloud.Whether you’re choosing between Terminal Services vs. VDI, or you just need an affordable way to deploy apps across your team, the terminal server remains a strong and strategic option in 2025.
TECH
What Is RFI? A Powerful Start You Shouldn’t Ignore

What Is RFI? Request for Information (RFI) is a formal document used by an organization to collect written information about the capabilities, products, services, or qualifications of potential suppliers.
An RFI is usually the first step in the procurement process. It’s not about pricing or proposals yet—just learning what’s out there and who might be a good fit.
Here’s how it works:
- A business identifies a need (e.g., a new software tool, construction service, or vendor partnership)
- They prepare an RFI with questions about solutions, company size, approach, or capabilities
- Vendors respond with general info—no pricing, just qualifications or features

Purpose of RFIs:
- Educate the company (especially the procurement or project team)
- Filter through vendors before launching a full RFP or RFQ
- Align internal stakeholders on solution possibilities
How Is an RFI Different from an RFP or RFQ?
This is one of the biggest points of confusion in procurement. Let’s break down the RFP vs RFQ vs RFI debate.
RFI (Request for Information)
- Used early in the process
- Focused on learning
- Gathers general info from vendors
- No pricing, no detailed proposals
RFP (Request for Proposal)
- More advanced stage
- Asks for detailed proposals on how a vendor plans to meet the organization’s needs
- Often includes pricing structures, timelines, solution methods
RFQ (Request for Quotation)
- Very specific
- Focused strictly on getting pricing for clearly defined products or services
- Less narrative, more format-based (line items, units, costs)
Want a quick analogy?
✔ RFI = Asking which new laptops are best for graphic design
✔ RFP = Asking for a detailed proposal from a custom PC builder
✔ RFQ = Asking Apple or Dell for a quote on 20 MacBooks
Knowing this difference upfront helps both sides of a deal—buyers get relevant answers, and vendors don’t waste time with the wrong level of detail.
RFI Meaning in Construction Projects
Now let’s switch contexts. RFI meaning in construction has a slightly different flavor than in corporate procurement—but it’s just as critical.
In construction, an RFI isn’t about sourcing vendors, but rather about clarifying project details. It’s a formal request submitted by a contractor to a designer, architect, or project manager asking for clarification on:
- Design drawings
- Specifications
- Site conditions
- Materials
Example: A contractor might submit an RFI during a project to confirm where a beam should go if the blueprints are unclear.
Why It Matters:
- Prevents misinterpretation and costly delays
- Keeps a communication trail for risk/legal purposes
- Can be tracked through project management software like Procore or Buildertrend
Structuring an Effective RFI: Tips That Work in 2025
Whether you’re using an RFI for IT software, manufacturing equipment, or a construction build-out, structure is everything.
A good RFI should include:
- Introduction and Background – Who you are and what you need
- Scope of Interest – What areas you want vendors to address
- List of Questions – Clear, targeted, and open-ended
- Submission Requirements – Format, deadline, contacts
- Next Steps – Timeline for review or future RFPs
Pro tip: Keep questions focused and avoid yes/no. Aim for “Tell us about your approach to data security” vs. “Do you offer secure hosting?”
Real-Life Example: How One Business Saved Time (and Money) With an RFI
Consider a mid-sized healthcare tech company that wanted to modernize its EHR system. Rather than jumping into lengthy RFPs, the project team sent a clearly structured RFI to 10 vendors.
“We realized we didn’t even know all the features out there, so gathering RFIs helped us build a smarter RFP later,” the CTO said.
Of the 10 vendors, they invited 4 to submit full RFPs based on their RFI responses. This saved weeks of review time and made their vendor scoring a breeze.
When to Use an RFI (And When to Skip It)
Use an RFI when:
- You’re exploring a new solution or market
- You lack internal expertise about available options
- There are many vendors, and you need help narrowing the list
- You need consistent, easy-to-compare responses
Don’t use an RFI when:
- You already know the solution you want
- You have very tight deadlines (RFIs take time)
- You’re ready to compare pricing and execution details—that’s RFP or RFQ territory
Software Tools That Streamline the RFI Process
Dealing with RFIs manually is becoming a thing of the past. In 2025, procurement and PM tools come equipped with RFI automation workflows.
Popular tools include:
- Procore – For managing construction RFIs and documentation
- PandaDoc – For document collaboration including RFPs/RFIs
- Coupa – For enterprise procurement workflows
- Airtable – For lightweight, custom tracking and response management
- Microsoft Dynamics 365 – For enterprise RFI documentation linked to resources
Pros and Cons of Using RFIs
Pros:
- Encourages market education
- Saves time during RFP stage
- Provides insight into vendor culture and communication style
Cons:
- Adds time to the project timeline
- May confuse vendors if the intent isn’t clear
- Can feel repetitive if not structured well
FAQs
A. An RFI gathers general information to educate the buyer about vendors before procuring a product or service. An RFP asks for detailed proposals, often including pricing, after the buyer has narrowed options.
A. RFQ means Request for Quotation. It’s a formal document that asks vendors to submit pricing and cost structures for specific, predefined goods or services.
A. In construction, an RFI is used to clarify drawings, specs, or project directives to ensure the work is performed correctly. It documents changes and prevents confusion during a build.
A. No. An RFI is not a legally binding document. Think of it as a conversation starter—it doesn’t commit either party to move forward with a deal or contract.
Final Thoughts
Today’s procurement and project environments are faster, more global, and more digital than ever. Whether you’re sending or receiving one, knowing what an RFI is—and how to use (or respond to) it—can save organizations time, money, and headaches.
TECH
21 Shocking ATM Jackpotting Scams to Avoid

21 Shocking ATM Jackpotting the term 21 atm jackpotting has been making waves in cybersecurity and banking circles. But what exactly is it, and why should you care? If you’ve ever wondered how criminals exploit jackpot ATM machines or what an ATM cash machine hack really entails, this guide will clear up the confusion.
ATM jackpotting is a serious threat that targets cash machines worldwide, causing millions in losses every year. In this article, we’ll explore the ins and outs of jackpotting ATMs, how these hacks work, and what measures are in place to prevent them. Plus, we’ll answer common questions like is there any RTO for ATM machine and share real-life examples to help you understand the risks.
What Is 21 ATM Jackpotting?
Simply put, 21 atm jackpotting refers to a series of sophisticated attacks where criminals manipulate ATMs to dispense cash illegally. The “21” here highlights the growing number of reported incidents or a specific case study involving 21 machines, depending on context.
Unlike traditional skimming or card cloning, jackpotting involves hacking the ATM’s software or hardware to make it “jackpot” cash on demand. This method bypasses the need for a physical card or PIN, making it especially dangerous.

How Does Jackpot ATM Work?
The Mechanics Behind Jackpotting ATMs
Jackpotting ATMs typically involves malware or physical devices installed on the machine. Hackers gain access to the ATM’s internal system, often through USB ports or network vulnerabilities, and then trigger commands that force the machine to dispense cash.
This is not your average theft; it’s a high-tech heist that requires knowledge of ATM software and hardware. The criminals often use specialized tools to bypass security protocols.
Common Targets and Vulnerabilities
Older ATM models with outdated software are prime targets. Machines that lack proper encryption or have unsecured USB ports are especially vulnerable. This is why banks and ATM operators are constantly updating their systems.
ATM Cash Machine Hack: What You Should Know
The ATM cash machine hack is a broader term that includes jackpotting but also covers other methods like skimming, card trapping, and network breaches. Jackpotting stands out because it directly manipulates the machine to release cash without any card.
Hackers may use malware like Ploutus or Cutlet Maker, which are designed specifically for jackpotting. These tools have become more accessible on the dark web, increasing the frequency of attacks.
Is There Any RTO for ATM Machine?
You might be wondering, is there any RTO for ATM machine? RTO, or Return to Owner, typically refers to the process of returning a seized or compromised asset. In the context of ATMs, there isn’t a formal RTO process for hacked machines, but banks do have protocols for recovering losses and securing affected machines.
If an ATM is compromised, it’s usually taken offline immediately for forensic analysis and repair. Customers are often reimbursed for any fraudulent withdrawals, but prevention remains the best defense.
Real-Life Example: A 21 ATM Jackpotting Incident
In a recent case, a criminal group managed to jackpot 21 ATMs across a metropolitan area within a week. Using malware installed via USB ports, they triggered the machines to dispense thousands of dollars in cash. The banks involved had to temporarily shut down affected ATMs and upgrade their security systems.
One security expert commented:
“This incident highlights how vulnerable outdated ATM systems are. Jackpotting is evolving, and so must our defenses.”
Pros and Cons of ATM Jackpotting from a Security Perspective
Pros (from a criminal’s view) | Cons (for banks and users) |
---|---|
High cash yield with no card needed | Significant financial losses |
Difficult to trace transactions | Damage to customer trust |
Exploits outdated systems | Costly security upgrades required |
How to Protect Against Jackpotting ATMs
- Upgrade ATM software regularly: Ensure machines run the latest security patches.
- Secure physical access: Restrict access to USB ports and internal components.
- Monitor ATM activity: Use real-time alerts for unusual cash dispensing.
- Educate staff: Train employees to recognize signs of tampering.
FAQs
Jackpot ATM refers to hacking an ATM to force it to dispense cash illegally, often using malware or physical devices.
Hackers gain access to the ATM’s internal system and send commands that make the machine release cash without a card.
While there’s no formal RTO, banks typically take compromised ATMs offline and reimburse affected customers.
Yes, through software updates, physical security, monitoring, and staff training.
Final Thoughts
The threat of 21 atm jackpotting is real and growing. As criminals become more sophisticated, banks and ATM operators must stay vigilant. For users, awareness and caution are key.
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